Dr. Ephraim Asculai worked at the Israel Atomic Energy Commission (IAEC) for over 40 years, mainly on issues of nuclear and environmental safety. In 1986, he went to work at the IAEA in Vienna on issues of radiation protection of the public. During 1990-1991 he was the Scientific Secretary of the International Chernobyl Project.

In 1992, Dr. Asculai returned to Israel and became heavily involved in the deliberations leading to the conclusion of the Comprehensive Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT). In his final period at the IAEC he served as the Director of External Relations. During his sabbatical at the Institute for Science and International Security (ISIS) in Washington, D.C. he authored "Verification Revisited: The Nuclear Case", published by the ISIS Press. Dr. Asculai retired from the civil service in 2001. In 2002 he joined the Jaffee Center for Strategic Studies (now incorporated into the INSS). He retired in 2017 as Senior Research Fellow (Emeritus) at the INSS, but continued publishing within the framework of the INSS. He has published numerous works dealing with WMD non-proliferation in general, and Middle East issues in particular. He received his Ph.D. in Atmospheric Sciences from the Hebrew University in Jerusalem.